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Takarazuka: Sexual politics and common community into the modern The japanese, Berkeley and you may La : School of Ca Drive

17. Inside conflict, the government marketed rustic hairdos and styles for everyone their victims; for women, quick, bowl-shaped haircuts and you can loose-fitting, high-waisted monpe pants (commonly used from the countryside) have been recommended because the body language regarding austerity, modesty and you will household front support toward total conflict efforts. To have a description and you will analysis of wartime shojo depictions in the shojo zasshi, see Imada Erika, 2007, pp. 57–83. To possess descriptions of wartime fashion and hairstyles to own adult women, select Wakakuwa, 2000 Wakakuwa, Midori . 2000 . Senso ga tsukuru joseizo: Dai niji sekai taisenka zero Nihon josei doin zero shikakuteki puropaganda, Tokyo : Chikuma gakugei bunko . [Google College student] and Atkins, 2005 Atkins, Jacqueline . 2005 . “ Extravagance ‘s the adversary: Manner and you may textiles inside the wartime The japanese, in Jacqueline Atkins ”. Within the Wear propaganda: Textiles to the family front for the The japanese, Britain, in addition to You, 1931–1945, 157 – 169 . The latest Retreat and you can London : Yale School Drive . [Google Student] .

18. Tanabe, ‘Shojo shosetsu ni muchu datta koro’, out of Bara no kobeya yori, reprinted in Honda, 1991 Honda, Masuko . 1991 . “ Senjika no shojo zasshi, within the Otsuka Eiji ”. Inside Shojo zasshi ron, Tokyo : Tokyo shoseki . [Yahoo Pupil] , pp. 36–37.

19. kasidie beoordelingen Story away from Young Turf, the newest translated Japanese title out-of Louisa Get Alcott’s Absolutely nothing Lady. This new title Wakakusa Monogatari try implemented if film was shown within the The japanese inside the 1934; earlier penned translations and you may adaptations out-of Alcott’s classic received other titles.

20. Other designs of shojo recreation, namely the new Takarazuka Revue, will also have given a design for the ideal boy that have their sort of the brand new danso no reijin[beautiful girl into the men attire], the newest otokoyaku. Takarazuka not only developed a faithful shojo fan base from wartime and postwar years, however, was seemed frequently during the shojo zasshi, particularly Shojo zero tomo. For an explanation and you can historical/anthropological study of your Takarazuka Revue, come across Robertson, 1998 Robertson, Jennifer . 1998 . [Crossref] , [Bing Student] .

21. Dating back this new 1910s, instructors and you may moral advocates considered flick theatres due to the fact breeding cause of the latest furyo, otherwise due to the fact furyo’s browse cause of their jogakusei victims. Particular girls’ schools place rigid criteria into students whom wanted to attend motion picture theatres, otherwise prohibited attendance downright. See Inagaki, 2007 Inagaki, Kyoko . 2007 . Jogakko to help you jogakusei: kyoyo, tashinami, modan bunka, Tokyo : Chuo koron shinsha . [Google Pupil] , pp. 142–49.

Note: since the postcard respondent (or perhaps the editor) made use of a different sort of spelling (Wakagusa in the place of Wakakusa), the quality spelling and you can pronunciation is actually Wakakusa

twenty-two. New romantic overtones out-of revealing an umbrella has prewar and you will early wartime precedents. Pick Kawabata Yasunari’s short-story, ‘Amagasa’ (Umbrella) away from 1932, that contains a beneficial romantically billed scene out-of one or two children sharing an enthusiastic umbrella. My courtesy Jan Bardsley to have mentioning so it commitment.

23. Discover ‘Civilizing “Degenerate” Students’, in Ambaras, 2006 Ambaras, David . 2006 . Bad youngsters: Teenager delinquency together with government regarding lifestyle in modern The japanese, Berkeley and you will Los angeles : University regarding Ca Drive . [Yahoo Student] , pp. 66–96.

twenty four. The fresh payment alter represents rates regarding 1946–fifty in the place of 1936–forty (Lunden, 1953 Lunden, Walter An effective. 1953 . Teenager delinquency inside The japanese. Pre-conflict, battle, and you may post-battle years . The fresh new Record of Criminal Laws, Criminology, and you can Police Technology, 44(4): 428 – 432 . November-December [Crossref] , [Bing Student] , p. 430).

The only real exclusion into sex-segregated program regarding blog post-number 1 degree regarding the Meiji months into the wartime period was the coeducational Tokyo Songs University [Tokyo ongaku gakko]

seven. We analyse such depictions in detail in the wartime part in my dissertation on shojo zasshi:‘All Girl’s a phase: Representations off Femininity and you may Puberty in Japanese Girls’ Magazines, 1930s-1960s’ (PhD Dissertation, Stanford University, 2008).

16. See Inagaki, 2007 Inagaki, Kyoko . 2007 . Jogakko to help you jogakusei: kyoyo, tashinami, modan bunka, Tokyo : Chuo koron shinsha . [Yahoo Student] , p. 207.