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Sidikou interprets it change due to the fact resulting from contemporary ladies expanding fury and you will anger which have polygamy

Over time, the marchande routine has actually increasingly be a period of time to possess harsh and you can sex direct insults directed at this new partner, his the newest girlfriend, as well as their families

Of the various social performance models that enter Hausa and you will Songhoy-Zarma life, new ples of one’s contestation of local patriarchal public means. sugar daddy meet The newest marchande are an effective Songhoy-Zarma mock ritual performed because of the older partner within the a beneficial polygamous wedding since a reaction to the lady partner’s recent otherwise upcoming y becoming common practice from inside the Niger). Whenever marrying a separate wife, one is expected to expend 1st partner towards problems he reasons the woman owing to his the fresh new romance. It cash is will employed by the latest senior spouse to cover new gatherings of which marchande is carried out, gatherings and therefore involve satirical costume, moving, and you will track. Next excerpt from good marchande tune sounds the brand new fury away from an elder partner into the woman spouse with his new spouse:

Tobey tobey, [rabbit] Squirt pepper within our eyes Because of the Allah we’re going to sprinkle it straight back Tobey tobey, We will rub they to the their testicles So the guy sets it in his new wife’s sight, Very he puts they inside the new wife’s vagina, She’s going to struggle to sleep, She’s going to not be able to remain. [:196)

While you are such perceptions are believed provoking, I will suggest you to marchande musical show a kind of ritual subversion that creates significant stress and you will contestation when registered for the everyday life

You to definitely outrage grew to become manifested much more external and you will head variations out-of ridicule into ladies husbands and their the newest co-wives (). Sidikou also means that the latest marchande functions as a way having senior wives in order to voice their discontents with polygamy while also asserting its position out-of authority from inside the family unit members unit. We may on top of that check out this ritualized overall performance because of Mikhail Bakhtin’s sense of the carnivalesque, where the inversion from steps together with temporary reduction out of social stress is attained because of satirical dancing, mimicry, and you will phrases regarding ridicule (Bakhtin 1941). When it comes to concerns from empowerment and you can complicity, Victor Turner’s interpretation of carnivalesque shows that while particularly routine inversions and transgressions carry out subvert personal structures briefly, they fundamentally enable the individuals structures to undergo. He signifies that including phrases away from resistance are often contains to help you culturally recognized rooms where in fact the tensions that might if not result in the change of a social system try legitimated and you may ventilated (Turner 1982).

Males, their own families, and their the latest brides doesn’t sit-in marchande shows, nor manage it assistance them despite the fact that it is its fee to the senior girlfriend you to fund they. Boys in addition to firmly target towards rough vocabulary that women explore when you look at the ily participants, all of that are really serious offenses inside their Muslim community. Hence of a lot marchande performances was introduced into the remote, but still public room. As the texts of these slanderous performances do not slip really towards ears of males, he or she is obviously circulated inside the district of women, actually certainly one of women that couldn’t otherwise generate particularly derogatory lso are:56). Especially considering the rise in lead problem of men and you can polygamy into the marchande tunes, We interpret so it track form due to the fact producing a good form of resistance that, whilst not blocking polygamy, contests they that have growing intensity. What’s more, it brings a separate routine space to own societal opposition you to lets girls freedom in the deterministic framework out-of a city men look. The utilization of or even thoroughly forbidden vocabulary attests to that particular strength, because the lady step most beyond your bounds off appropriate personal decisions in order to sound which crucial perspective towards the polygamy.